4-4~4-5

4-4 how do extinction, speciation, and human activities affect biodiversity?
滅絕、物種形成和人類活動如何影響生態多樣性
How do new species evolve?
如何形成新物種?
speciation 物種形成
geographic isolation 地理隔離
reproductive isolation 生殖隔離
Extinction is forever滅絕是永遠
extinction 滅絕
endemic species 特有物種
Species become extinct individually and in large groups物種大範圍地分別地滅絕
background extinction 背景滅絕
mass extinction 大滅絕
Human activities can cause the premature extinction of species人類活動可能導致物種提早滅絕4-5 how might genetic engineering affect evolution?
基因工程可能影響演化嗎?
We have developed two ways to change the genetic traits of populations
我們制定兩種方法來改變遺傳種群的性狀
artifical selection 人擇
genetically modified organisms 轉基因生物體
genetic engineering 基因工程
Our ability to manipulate genes holds great promise but raises some serious questions
我們有能力去操縱基因擁有很大的希望，但引起一些嚴重的問題